答案1
四个网址可供参考http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/56688.htm
http://www.njfzm.com/fzmen/fzm.htm
http://www.chinavoc.com/travel/scenery/njfztemple_s.asp?id=h
http://anmd.njau.edu.cn/dispnewscn.php?newsid=24
NanjingConfuciusTemple
Confucius,China'slegendarysage,haslost.Theadvocateofrespect,restraintandorderisnowassociatedinNanjingers'mindswithonething--shopping!
CenteredaroundtheancientConfuciusTemple(FuziMiao),thisneighborhoodinsouthernNanjingistheplacetobeonweekendsandholidays.Clothingshopsandrestaurantsdominatethemainstreets(closedtovehiculartraffic)whilestreetstallsinthealleywayssellstuffedanimals,plants,CDsandevenmoreclothes.ThedailynightmarketbringsthesestallsoutontoGongyuanLu,themaindragbetweentheConfuciusTempleandPingjiangFuLu,alivelysceneevenifmostofthegoodsonsalearesimplehouseholditems.Trytheyuanxiao,jelly-filleddumplingswhoseroundshapeandsweettastesymbolizehappinessandharmony.
TouristsnotinterestedinbringingacactusandcheaphangersbackhomeasremindersoftheirtriptoNanjingcanloaduponsouvenirsatshopsclusteredclosertotheConfuciusTemplecomplex.Inadditiontotheusualselectionofjadegoodies,teapotsandpaintings,vendorsdisplayyuhuashi,multicoloredrocksspecialtoNanjing.AlthoughsomebelievethecolorscomefromChinesebloodspilledduringtheupheavalsofNanjing'stumultuoushistorythatthenseepedintothelocalrock,themorecommonlyaccepted(andnicer)storygoesthataBuddhistscholarwhopreachedinthehillsofsouthernNanjingsomovedthegodsthattheyshoweredflowersdownfromtheheavensinpraise.Upontouchingtheground,theseheavenlyflowerstransformedintothemulticoloredpebbles.
Withallthegarishconsumerismondisplayoutside,it'slittlewonderthattheactualConfuciusTempleisthequietestplaceintheneighborhood.Thetemplewasfirstconstructedin1034duringtheSongDynastytocomplementtheJiangnanExaminationSchool(seebelow),wheretheimperialexaminationswereadministered.ScholarscametothetempletoprayforsuccessanddemonstratetheirhumblerespectforConfucius.Burntdownandrebuiltseveraltimes,thecurrentstructuredatesfromafterWorldWarTwo.ItstraditionalsweepingeavesgivethearchitectureaMingandQingflavor.
Thetemple'smostoutstandingfeatureisabeautifulcollectionof36jadepanelsdetailingtheSage'slife(551-479BC)hangingonthewallsofthemainhall.BasedonthefamoussetofMingperiodpaintingstitled"PicturesoftheSage'sTraces,"eachpanelmeasuresabouttwometersinheightandonemeterinwidth.Thesepanels,however,arenew,donatedbyalocalcompanyin1998.
FuziMiaoisperhapsatitsbestaroundthetimeoftheLanternFestival(fifteendaysaftertheLunarNewYear),whenaspecialexhibitofmulti-sizedandmulti-coloredlanternsthemedaroundthetwelveanimalsofthelunarcyclelendafestiveairtothetemple.
Ifyouthinkthatyourlong,crampedflighttoChinawassomeformoftorture,avisittotheExhibitionoftheHistoryoftheJiangnanExaminationSchool(JiangnanGongyuan),shouldsetyourmindatease.Foundedin1168(theSongDynasty),theschoolwasusedtoadministertherigorouscivilserviceexamsusedtochooseofficialsduringChina'simperialage.Attheheightofitsprosperity,thecomplexcontained20,644examinationcells,eachjustonesquaremeterinarea.Candidatesspentatotalofninedaysintheircell--thewoodendeskplankturnedintoabedatnight--withoutthefreedomtoleave.Successwasrareasonly200ofthe20,000candidatespassed.
ThemodernexhibitcontainsfortyexaminationcellsplusasmallmuseumthatclaimstobetheonlyspecializedmuseuminChinadedicatedtotheimperialexaminationsystem.Unfortunately,alltheexplanationsareinChinese.TheexhibitisashortwalkeastoftheConfuciusTempleat1JinlingLu.
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